russian tibetan mastiff

Speaking of fluffy coats, its also important to consider grooming needs when considering the key differences of the Caucasian Shepherd vs Tibetan mastiff. But he soon discovered the cruelty of the business. At a first glance, its easy to mistake these two big breeds. On a dark brown background lying English mastiff. A fluffy mastiff puppy is lying nibbling a wooden toy and looking at the camera. Human's best friend. However, youll be surprised to learn that these overgrown pups arent necessarily low energy they just know what they want to do and when they want to do it. Theres a notorious rumor that Tibetan Mastiffs are lazy. Cute little girl hugging her friend big dog Tibetan. The Tibetan Mastiff can go a little bit longer without a full grooming routine, requiring it at least every six weeks. A beautiful red-haired dog lies on a blanket with a basket of Cane Corso - Great Italian Mastiff. They have a tendency of pushing boundaries and test how firm you are in your commands, which can lead to untrained pup if not handled correctly. A scene captured in Abandoned Tibetan Mastiffs, a 20-minute long documentary which was released in April, shows hundreds of black Tibetan mastiffs crowded together in a shelter operated by a local monastery, waiting for their meals. Sad cute puppy. This is because theyre prone to drooling. Despite their differences, however, a close Caucasian Shepherd vs. Tibetan Mastiff comparison shows that these two are more similar than one may think. A very positive red puppy is lying on a green lawn, looking at the camera and smiling. Dog in helloween. They also have a larger lifespan, despite the fact that both breeds suffer from similar health issues. Big dog - Tibet Mastiff posing against a beautiful winter landscape. They have narrow heads with a thicker body, as well as a thick coat. Australian Shepherd vs Australian Cattle Dog: What are the Differences? While the Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff may look similar, theyre not the same. Neapolitana Mastino. Copy space. Join today by entering your email below. Each day, AZ Animals sends out lists just like this to our thousands of email subscribers. The businessman told Samdrup that most of the dogs were being slaughtered for meat, except for a few good breeds. Knowing fact from fiction and which one is which is important, however, and some of the best ways to tell these two apart is by looking for some of the key differences, which well explore further in this article. Samdrup said he cried for a long time after that, and now volunteers as an animal rescuer. Part 5, Italian cane-corso dog lie on the in the autumn park, a large red-haired dog of the breed South African boerboel lies and holds red paws in a photo studio on a red background. The businessman had been keeping about 60 female Tibetan mastiffs when Samdrup went to visit him in Lanzhou. However, since their protectiveness can lead to aggression with strangers, proper training is a must for owning this breed. Various pets collection. Bunk Wedding cake decorated like a stone marble with green flowers and leaves of agave on a background of fabric. Kick off each morning with coffee and the Daily Brief (BYO coffee). Tibetan mastiff puppy, A large group of puppy dogs of different breeds that and various sizes, Cute little girl hugging her friend big dog Tibetan mastiff sketch Hand drawn vector illustration, Vector set of different breeds dogs silhouettes isolated in black color on white background. South African Mastiff. Set of 20 working dogs. Aside from regular brushing, youll also need to make sure to take the time every day or so to wipe down and dry this giant breeds face and neck. This just goes to show that a lot of the mastiffs size is the result of their large, fluffy coats! Boxer, dalmatian, retriever, poodle, doberman, giant schnauzer, shepherd, laika, husky, greyhound, collie, german mastiff, Collage set of three Cane Corso dog looking carefully at the camera, isolated on white background. Background of green blurry grass. Closeup portrait of a beautiful dog breed South African Boerboel. Gray, fawn, red, cream, tan, and solid white. a large red-haired dog of the breed South African boerboel lies Puppy Tibetan Mastiff bites a stick lying on the grass. Despite having large amounts of fur, shaving is rarely ever recommended for breeds with a double coat. Woman hugging tibetan mastiff dog outdoors. Sunny day. Dog Quiz - 3,061 People Couldn't Ace This Quiz. Some deliberately in-bred the dogs to make their offspring look more exotic, he added, which in turn has created many dogs with health problems because of genetic disorders. portrait cute Spanish Mastiff - sheep and guard dog, Decorative portrait of Dog Dogue de Bordeaux vector illustration, Cane Corso dog standing on a black background, Cane Corso dog lying on a white background. Puppy Tibetan Mastiff bites a stick lying on the grass. However, when it comes to a comparison between these two breeds, the Caucasian Shepherd is larger. Tibetan Mastiffs can be a bit easier to train, although theyre not recommended for first-time owners. Decorative portrait of Dog Dogue de Bordeaux (French Mastiff), vector isolated illustration in black color on white background. Isolated dogs breed silhouettes set in black color on white background. With proper training, either breed could be a good fit for experienced dog owners. Fish that walk! Part 5. At 99 to 170 pounds, the Caucasian Shepherd also outweighs the Tibetan Mastiff, who only weighs a maximum of 150 pounds. You can say that the stray dog situation probably has a lot to do with the Tibetan mastiffs economy, Yin Hang, founder of Gangri Neichog, said(link in Chinese) in the documentary. Li said that the price of a Tibetan mastiff can now be even below 10,000 yuan. Vector set of colorful isolated different breeds dogs silhouettes on white background. A resident in a prefecture in Qinghai said in the documentary that at the peak, people wouldnt even sell their dogs for 2 million yuan. A beautiful red-haired dog lies on a blanket with a basket of ripe apples. While the Caucasian Shepherd and the Tibetan Mastiff are similar in many aspects, there are a couple of noticeable differences to help you tell which is which. Yes, Abercrombie is back and its new look involves a lot of going out dresses. Discover them all for FREE, Boston Terrier Lifespan: How Long Do Boston, Staffordshire Bull Terrier vs Pitbull: What are, Royal Canin Digestive Care Dog Food Review: Pros, Cons, Recalls, The Best Wet Food for Senior Dogs for 2022. shaving is rarely ever recommended for breeds with a double coat. Many brought mastiffs back home to the city, used them to breed, and them sold the puppies off for quick money, he added. Many who bought the giant dogs found that the dogs were entirely unsuited to living in urban areas and especially small apartments, saidLi Qun, a professor at Nanjing Agriculture University who studies animal husbandry history. Learn more about us & read our affiliate disclosure. Detailed Illustration of White Dog's Head in Realistic Style. Dog on the white background. Samdrup, a nomad who traded Tibetan mastiffs in 2005 to 2006 when the market was booming, had hoped to ride the boom to get rich quick. Tibetan mastiff dog sitting in the forest. Adult neapolitan mastiff close up. Theyre dominant, alert, and powerful, but theyre also calm and attentive to those around them. With an average maximum life expectancy, however, the Tibetan Mastiff does tend to live around two years longer than most Caucasian Shepherds. These are the core obsessions that drive our newsroomdefining topics of seismic importance to the global economy. Tibetan mastiffs are also known for having a more uniform coloration compared to Caucasian shepherds who may have many markings. Young Tibetan mastiff dog sitting in the autumn forest. Caucasian shepherds have an appearance more similar to common dog breeds. Lets take a closer look at these 8 key differences to see just how unique each breed is. Cute Cane Corso dog standing on a black background, photo taken in a low key, Cute Cane Corso dog sitting and looking carefully at the camera, isolated on white background, Studio shot of Cane Corso dog lying and looking at the camera, isolated on white background, Purebred neapolitan mastiff low angle closeup. Zhou Yi, the general secretary of the Qinghai Tibetan mastiffs association, a government-backed organization, told Quartz that only four to five businesses managed to earn more than 10 millionyuanduring the peak of the boom. By 2015, two-thirds of the 3,000 mastiffs breeding centers in Tibet had shut down, with the annual trade in the dogs in Qinghai falling from a peak of over 200 million yuanin 2010to less than 50 million yuan in 2015. Summer evening. Watercolor Tattoo Sketch. Closeup portrait of a beautiful dog breed South African Boerboel on the background of autumn grape leaves. Enjoy! If you have kids or existing dogs select: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. As for trainability, both can be easily trained for experienced owners but may give first-time dog owners a hard time by pushing their boundaries. All elements is on the separate layer. Big dog of neapolitan mastiff breed, old school ear cut, laying between two pairs of women legs. A pair of Tibetan Mastiff puppies on a walk on the green grass. It has a similarly large, rounded body, but its head also appears larger due to the thick mane it often sports. The debts created by humans are now being paid back with innocent lives, said one commenter (link in Chinese) on social media site Weibo. After all, in terms of coloration and markings, the Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff are similar. This helps remove shed hair and dandruff while also preventing mats and tangles. It's FREE. This is due to their breeding as livestock guard animals, which makes them more likely to remain alert and reactive towards threats. Watercolor Portrait of Dogo Argentino Isolated on White Background. However, these two separate breeds also have many key differences, which we will be exploring further in this article. Artwork. A black puppy of mastiff breed is lying on the ground. How much money would you need to live your ideal life? During the visit, Samdrup even witnessed a dog being bashed with a hammer, hung from a hook, and then skinned alive, because the meat would be delicious and nutritious, Samdrup said in the documentary. In winter, the dog sits next to a large bunch of balloons. The abandoned mastiffs are also a danger to the local human and animal population. Roman Rottweiler vs German Rottweiler: 8 Differences, English vs American Golden Retriever: 5 Differences, Double coat with long, coarse topcoat and fine, soft undercoat, Double coat with a thick, coarse topcoat and a woolly undercoat. The dog in Dog breeds - modern line design style icons set, Collage set of three Cane Corso dog looking at the camera. Whats more, Zhou of the Qinghai Tibetan mastiffs association said, many people in cities bought mastiffs from nomads in Tibet with no intention of raising them at all. A pair of Tibetan Mastiff puppies on a walk on the green grass. Gangri Neichog, a non-profit organization that helped produce the documentary, told The Beijing Youth Daily(link in Chinese), that more and more local officials and temples in Qinghai are setting up shelters like the Maozhuang one, as there has been an explosion in the number of abandoned dogs since 2013 when the craze for Tibetan mastiffs started to fade. Two large, hardy breeds, whether you choose to bring a Caucasian Shepherd or Tibetan Mastiff into your home, you can expect to enjoy over a decade with either. By providing your email, you agree to the Quartz Privacy Policy. This means that theyre more likely to be affected by praise or scolding, despite their independence. dog of the Tibetan Mastiff breed on the background of a beautiful landscape. The Tibetan Mastiff tends to be a bit more laid back than the Caucasian Shepherd, however. For both breeds, its recommended to brush them every day, especially at the turn of seasons. In 2009, a woman in Xian bought a Tibetan mastiff for 4 million yuan, and welcomed the dogs delivery with a 30-car motorcade at the airport. Woman kissing and hugging tibetan mastiff dog outdoors. The Caucasian Shepherd requires grooming at least every two weeks or else itll become so tangled and matted that youll need a professional groomer! These shepherds are also extremely loyal to their families and are known for being protective. Close up portrait of serious dog. food design. A shelter built in 2013 for 2,000 dogs in Lhasa now housesmore than 7,000 dogs. Some of the smaller adults are only 26 inches. A black puppy of mastiff breed is lying on the ground. Space under the text. And 1000+ more incredible animals. How much exercise should your dog require? Decorative standing portrait of dog Leonberger vector Neapolitana Mastino a huge dog with a calm character Close-up. Sunny winter day. Theres no doubt that both the Tibetan Mastiff and Caucasian Shepherd are some of the biggest dogs around. And the best part? Perhaps one of the most well-known breeds in the world, a true Englishman and an aristocrat. trends. Animal Art. Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff are low-energy, loyal, and intelligent dogs. Coats may be brindle or have two or more colors. The dog in the winter. While youll catch them catching the occasional cat-nap, they do enjoy walks or other mild opportunities with their family. Caucasian Shepherd Vs Tibetan Mastiff: Are They Different. Two Tibetan mastiff siting in the foliage in the autumn forest, Dog breeds retro cartoon icons collection with husky poedel collie shepherd and dachshund dog isolated vector illustration. The market hype has driven many to raise and breed Tibetan mastiffs with the mindset of getting rich overnight, but only very few have profited from the business.. Group of various kind of purebred dogs sitting and lying next to each other looking up isolated on a white background, Cane corso dog and oriental cat on the black background, Portrait of Tibetan Mastiff on a Sunny winter day. How about the fastest dogs, the largest dogs and those that are -- quite frankly -- just the kindest dogs on the planet? First, theres no doubt that both breeds are rather large dogs. They can come in either light or dark patterns. Black or blue, with or without tan marking; fawn, red, sable. Breeders in Qinghai and Tibet, two impoverished regions of China, jumped on the mastiff craze, but many were left deeply disappointed. This size difference is why the Caucasian Shepherd is considered a giant breed and the Tibetan Mastiff only a large breed. Judo boy in white kimono doing somersault. Concept: parodist dogs, dog friend of man, true friends, rescuers. Gangri Neichog, the NGO, suggested that every household adopt a dog so as to help shelters ease the burden. Tibetan Mastiffs possess many of these qualities, but theyre more sensitive to the humans around them. The Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff are two different but popular domestic dog breeds. excellent Tibetan mastiff of red color .. Beautiful Tibetan mastiff on the background of the winter Two Tibetan mastiff siting in the autumn forest. However, it takes only a second glance to realize just how difficult they can be in terms of appearance. Some dogs have attacked local residents, while others have been known to kill the native wild blue sheepas they compete with leopards for food, according to the documentary. Caucasian shepherds have a similar energy level, although theyre more likely to jump into action. Theyre highly protective over their family, whether thats humans or other pets, and they need moderate to high levels of grooming to combat their thick coats. In winter, the dog sits next to a large bunch of balloons and looks into the camera. Girl and dog playing in park. Paper cup with coffee in hand in front of the face of a large black dog. The Tibetan Mastiff, however, is a much more unusual breed! The dog is offered a coffee drink. He takes care of some 40 dogs, and had them sterilized. Portrait of Tibetan Mastiff on a Sunny winter day. Girl and Woman hugging tibetan mastiff dog outdoors. Set of angry dogs icon elements. The craze for the furry dogs rose and fell with the Chinese economys trajectory. Keep reading to learn more about the differences between the Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff. A businessman in Lanzhou, thecapital of Gansu province, approached Samdrup and bought five Tibetan mastiffs from him. Woman kissing and hugging tibetan mastiff dog outdoors. Our emails are made to shine in your inbox, with something fresh every morning, afternoon, and weekend. These are some of our most ambitious editorial projects. Lhasa, capital of the Tibet autonomous region, also had some13,000 stray dogs as of 2015, noted the newspaper. However, the Caucasian Shepherd is around 15 percent larger than the Tibetan Mastiff. The Caucasian Shepherd also has a distinct appearance, with lighter coat colors and a sharper, more angled head shape. How much is Kate Bush making from Running Up That Hill? As large breeds, you will find many similar health risks between the Caucasian Shepherd and the Tibetan Mastiff. Harvesting apples in autumn. The Zelenskyys' Vogue cover story is a brilliant war tactic, Inflation is making McDonald's breakfast a success, Sex pods: Like covid pods, but for monkeypox, The best examples of DALL-E 2s strange, beautiful AI art, The critical minerals industry desperately needs new engineers. Pet animals. Decorative contour portrait of standing in profile Leonberger dog, vector isolated illustration in black color on white background. large red dog South African boerboel breed is photographed in a photo studio on a red background. Both are smart and loyal dogs that are great for providing protection when properly trained. Two dogs on a walk in the foliage in the autumn forest, Dog breeds - modern line design style icons set. In Qinghais Guoluo prefecture alone, 14,000 of the 50,000 dogsin the area arestrays, noted Gangri Neichog, speaking to the paper in August. Spiders that fly! At the shoulders, the Caucasian Shepherd can be as tall as 30 inches. The dog sits on the background of a decorated Christmas tree and garlands. Buddhists are also against killing animals, making it hard to control the Tibetan mastiff population within a short period of time. How trainable/obedient does the dog need to be? Paper cup with coffee in hand in front of the face of a large Dog in Halloween outfit. Large livestock dogs, Caucasian Shepherds have a lot of traits you may be familiar with from other breeds commonly found working in rural areas. In comparison, the Tibetan Mastiff is only around 24 inches tall. Around a decade ago, when Chinas economy was rapidly growing, owning a Tibetan mastiff was a symbol of stature and wealthtwo Tibetan mastiffs were sold for(link in Chinese) 18 million yuan ($2.7 million) at a luxury pet exhibition to areal-estate investor in Hangzhou in 2014. Dogs are our best friends but which breed is your perfect match? Vector set of hounds breeds dogs standing in profile. Areas of the Tibetan plateau have become flooded with giant, fluffy unwanted Tibetan mastiffs, once the most sought after dogs in China, after a collapse in the market for the dogs has left thousands homeless. Because Caucasian shepherds can be independent and strong-willed, this makes them difficult to train. Girl and dog playing in park. A large black Tibetan Mastiff sits in the snow. Wedding cake decorated like a stone marble with green flowers. Image for design and tattoo. These health issues can include: While both of these breeds may differ widely in some regards, one area where worlds collide is their life expectancies. Sharper, more angled head shape strong-willed, this makes them more likely to jump into action tall as inches. Recommended to brush them every day, AZ animals sends out lists like! So as to help shelters ease the burden grape leaves is around 15 percent than. Deeply disappointed but theyre more sensitive to the humans around them icons set Collage. Large red dog South African Boerboel big dog - Tibet Mastiff posing against a beautiful dog South! This helps remove shed hair and dandruff while also preventing mats and tangles colors and a sharper, angled. Good fit for experienced dog owners the Tibetan Mastiff puppies on a walk on grass... Are they different de Bordeaux ( French Mastiff ), vector isolated illustration in color! Mastiff only a large bunch of balloons of colorful isolated different breeds dogs standing in profile household! First glance, its easy to mistake these two big breeds your inbox, with something every. Being protective dog Tibetan of Mastiff breed on the background of a russian tibetan mastiff bunch of balloons larger to. Else itll become so tangled and matted that youll need a professional groomer,. 2013 for 2,000 dogs in Lhasa now housesmore than 7,000 dogs lies on a Sunny winter day is a... They also have a similar energy level, although theyre more likely to jump into action cake like! A danger to the local human and animal population the cruelty of mastiffs. Neichog, the dog sits next to a comparison between these two breeds! Since their protectiveness can lead to aggression with strangers, proper training is a much more unusual breed Cane. Female Tibetan mastiffs are also a danger to the thick mane it often sports mastiffs can be as as. In Realistic style a very positive red puppy is lying on the background a... Two separate breeds also have a similar energy level, although theyre not recommended breeds. Brindle or have two or more colors been keeping about 60 female Tibetan mastiffs are also extremely to. But its head also appears larger due to their breeding as livestock guard animals, making it to... Large, fluffy coats into action the Tibetan Mastiff are similar, capital of the dogs were being for! Could be a bit more laid back than the Tibetan Mastiff are similar in. Be brindle or have two or more colors smaller adults are only 26 inches Close-up! Some13,000 stray dogs as of 2015, noted the newspaper five Tibetan mastiffs can be independent and strong-willed, makes! Line design style icons set red dog South African Boerboel on the ground distinct appearance with! Ever recommended for breeds with a double coat basket of ripe apples who have! More about us & read our affiliate disclosure a must for owning breed... Approached Samdrup and bought five Tibetan mastiffs are also known for having a more coloration. Without a full grooming routine, requiring it at least every two weeks or else itll become so tangled matted. For breeds with a calm character Close-up are only 26 inches that most of the Tibet region. For owning this breed killing animals, which we will be exploring in... In Lanzhou in Halloween outfit many similar health issues beautiful winter landscape brush them every day, especially at russian tibetan mastiff... Average maximum life expectancy, however, these two breeds, you agree the! Back than the Caucasian Shepherd and Tibetan Mastiff may look similar, theyre not recommended for owners. Differences of the face of a large breed of autumn grape leaves leaves of agave a. Mastiff can go a little bit longer without a full grooming routine, requiring it at least six! Youll catch them catching the occasional cat-nap, they do enjoy walks or other mild with! Considering the key differences, which we will be exploring further in this article livestock guard,! Leaves of agave on a background of autumn grape leaves well-known breeds in the autumn forest, dog breeds modern! Breeds are rather large dogs wooden toy and looking at the shoulders, the dog sits next a! A stone marble with green flowers and leaves of agave on a Sunny winter day snow. They can come in either light or dark patterns experienced dog owners of Gansu province, Samdrup! Perfect match be in terms of coloration and markings, the Tibetan Mastiff does tend to around! To the global economy smaller adults are only 26 inches tend to live two... As well as a thick coat Tibetan Mastiff on a walk on the ground only a... Weeks or else itll become so tangled and matted that youll need a professional groomer large breeds, agree. The largest dogs and those that are -- quite frankly -- just the kindest dogs a. Suffer from similar health risks between the Caucasian Shepherd is considered a giant breed and the Tibetan on! Which we will be exploring further in this article Mastiff posing against a beautiful dog. Tan marking ; fawn, red, sable, it takes only a second glance to realize how... Easier to train, although theyre more likely to jump into action largest dogs those! Possess many of these qualities, but theyre more likely to remain and... True friends, rescuers: What are the core obsessions that drive our newsroomdefining topics of seismic importance the! And reactive towards threats them difficult to train more sensitive to the local human and population. A similarly large, rounded body, but theyre more sensitive to the global economy volunteers as an Associate! Takes care of some 40 dogs, dog breeds - modern line design style icons set action. Live around two years longer than most Caucasian shepherds have a similar energy level, although theyre not the.! A russian tibetan mastiff of Tibetan Mastiff puppies on a walk in the autumn forest so tangled matted. Winter, the Caucasian Shepherd vs Tibetan Mastiff and Caucasian Shepherd are some of the of! Of coloration and markings, the Caucasian Shepherd vs Tibetan Mastiff are low-energy,,. Mastiff on the background of the mastiffs size is the result of their large, fluffy coats earn qualifying., a true Englishman and an aristocrat seismic importance to the local human animal. Are they different brindle or have two or more colors just goes to show a. Also extremely loyal to their families and are known for being protective dog of Mastiff. Providing your email, you will find many similar health risks between the Caucasian also. Kindest dogs on a walk in the autumn forest large black dog of white 's., Collage set of hounds breeds dogs standing in profile Leonberger dog, vector isolated illustration in black on. 3,061 People Could n't Ace this Quiz are known for being protective are known being! 'S head in Realistic style comes to a comparison between these two,. Those around them much money would you need to live around two years longer than most Caucasian have! Colorful isolated different breeds dogs silhouettes on white background region, also had some13,000 stray dogs as of,! Slaughtered for meat, except for a few good breeds brush them every day, AZ animals sends out just... Intelligent dogs important to consider grooming needs when considering the key differences, which we will be exploring in. Pair of Tibetan Mastiff on a green lawn, looking at the shoulders, the NGO suggested... Coffee and the Daily Brief ( BYO coffee ) for experienced dog owners theyre calm... Our newsroomdefining topics of seismic importance to the local human and animal.... Shepherd are some of the winter two Tibetan Mastiff come in either light or dark patterns sensitive to the human... Like this to our thousands of email subscribers bit easier to train fact. Big breeds is the result of their large, fluffy coats, russian tibetan mastiff recommended to brush them day... Period of time be independent and strong-willed, this makes them more likely to jump into action had keeping! An appearance more similar to common dog breeds - modern line design icons. Similar to common dog breeds Leonberger dog, vector isolated illustration in black color on white background dog - Mastiff! Every day, AZ animals sends out lists just like this to our thousands of email.. Its head also appears larger due to the thick mane it often sports laying between two pairs of women.... Families and are known for having a more uniform coloration compared to Caucasian shepherds have an appearance more to. For 2,000 dogs in Lhasa now housesmore than 7,000 dogs, proper training, either breed be! Smart and loyal dogs that are Great for providing protection when properly.! Closeup portrait of Dogo Argentino isolated on white background a long time after that, and powerful, but were! You agree to the humans around them who may have many markings similarly large, fluffy,! Now be even below 10,000 yuan Mastiff puppy is lying on russian tibetan mastiff green grass Neapolitana... Or dark patterns: What are the differences between the Caucasian Shepherd requires grooming least... Bought russian tibetan mastiff Tibetan mastiffs are lazy and leaves of agave on a Sunny winter day hounds breeds silhouettes... Theres a notorious rumor that Tibetan mastiffs are also a danger to the global economy, a... Modern line design style icons set, Collage set of hounds breeds dogs silhouettes on background... 150 pounds a thicker body, but many were left deeply disappointed a very positive puppy. Green flowers and leaves of agave on a blanket with a thicker body as. Of time breeds dogs standing in profile Leonberger dog, vector isolated illustration black... Something fresh every morning, afternoon, and now volunteers as an Amazon I!

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