We also know that the cocker spaniel must be recessive red because they do not carry Ay sable (only Eh, which can look similar - see below). All Cocker Spaniels are "fixed" for tan points (meaning they are atat), however only some carry Eh. This form of the gene is represented as the "e" allele. The dog will produce normal black pigment, but carries the allele responsible for the Red/Yellow phenotype. However, there is probably another modifier that helps with this, because Note how the pattern is extremely similar to the Eg sighthounds in the section above, with extended points around the eyes and a clear nose bar. This Alaskan Malamute is untested, but is genetically tan-pointed and either a domino or a domino carrier (a tan-pointed dog carrying domino can express similar to this, with slightly larger than normal points and some lightening of the black areas, but this phenotype can be associated with a homozygous domino too). It's possible that the husky on the right has urajiro as well as phaeomelanin dilution - there is no reason why urajiro and domino can't occur together. Masks can vary greatly, covering anything from just the end of the muzzle to the whole of the muzzle, eyebrows and ears. It is therefore impossible for a recessive red dog to have any black (or liver, blue or isabella) in its coat. Although the recessive red allele does not directly affect the colour of the nose, eye rim, lip and nail pigment, it is common for this pigment to fade from black to grey or pink as a recessive red dog ages. , Sometimes this may also spread to the tail and the front of the chest. The second husky has a fairly minor expression of domino, more typical of an agouti. The EA allele is found mostly in Northern breeds such as the Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Greenland Dog, and Finnish Lapphund, and is responsible for the typical/classic husky colouring. Both the dominant and recessive copies of the E allele are present. Genome 11, 24-30, Schmutz SM and Berryere TG (2007) Genes affecting coat colour and pattern in domestic dogs: a review. On a piebald or irish spotted dog, this will be the edges of the coloured areas. Eh (cocker spaniel sable) is slightly different to the other two, and is dealt with in the section below. It is genetically impossible for a recessive red The first Siberian husky has an extensive, classic presentation, typical of a tan-pointed domino. . Here's the quick version! The dog carries two copies of the dominant E allele. It's important to distinguish between Northern domino and urajiro. These handsome dogs are owned by Cheryl Heinly and bred by Kathryn Wilson of The Leos Den. Kryslaur's High Flyer (Flyer), submitted by Shawn Snead, is a domino Afghan Hound. to accidentally breed two merles together if you weren't aware of how merle can be hidden. Dog has two copies of the recessive allele, and does not have the mask allele. In fact, most recessive red dogs with liver pigment will appear to have pink pigment. Em is also dominant. However, E has a slight incomplete dominance over Eg/A, so an EEg/A dog may have some indicators that it is carrying domino. However, this isn't a failsafe diagnostic as a liver-pigmented dog, for example, would have brownish whiskers that wouldn't necessarily be easy to tell apart from red. Note how bright and clear the points on both huskies are, and how they extend over the full front of the chest/neck and cheeks. It's impossible to know from looking at a recessive red dog whether Genet. Kiwi, above, shows this nicely. EmE - one mask allele, one normal extension allele Brindle is dealt with below, and dominant black dogs can also display domino. 2003 Jan-Feb; 94(1):69-73. The effect can be very strange, particularly in sighthounds, with a sort of greyish cast over the dog. A sable domino will usually appear very similar to a clear sable or recessive red, although the patterning may be more obvious at birth and clear as the dog ages. His red areas have been "diluted" to white (see I locus page). If your dog has a melanistic mask then they also have a coat colourcontrolled by the other regions (K-Locus, A-Locus, D-Locus and B-Locus), and the mask may not be visible on a darker coat colour. It's impossible to know from looking at a recessive red dog whether Hairs in those areas will be colored by eumelanin instead of pheomelanin pigment, making it look as though the dog has a mask on its face. The second husky has a fairly minor expression of domino, more typical of an agouti. A true domino will be either homozygous for Eg/A, or will have one copy of Eg/A and one copy of e (recessive red). Animal Genetics offers DNA testing for both E and Em alleles. Normal extension simply allows a dog A sable domino will usually appear very similar to a clear sable or recessive red, although the patterning may be more obvious at birth and clear as the dog ages. On the E-locus, domino is recessive to E and Em, which means a domino dog can never have a mask (an EmEg dog would have a mask but not be domino). to accidentally breed two merles together if you weren't aware of how merle can be hidden. However, even the dog on the left, which has the least amount of shading, has some black on the inside of the hind legs and the underside of the body. Note how bright and clear the points on both huskies are, and how they extend over the full front of the chest/neck and cheeks. MC1R tells melanocytes to make eumelanin, so in the absence of a signal from MC1R the melanocytes will produce phaeomelanin instead. On the E-locus, domino is recessive to E and Em, which means a domino dog can never have a mask (an EmEg dog would have a mask but not be domino). While Eg and EA dogs can have any K locus genotype, all sable Cockers tested so far have been KBky or KBKB (dominant black). A typical domino in sighthounds is usually tan-pointed (atat), but in breeds such as the Alaskan Malamute and Siberian Husky, agouti domino is also common. It's possible that extreme masking causes the eumelanin-producing melanocytes to spread out to the edges of any phaeomelanin areas, which on a dog without white markings will be the legs/feet and chest. Eh is an allele recently discovered in English Cocker Spaniels. - it stops them from being In some dogs the whole pigment fades to a grey/blue, and others develop a "dudley" nose, where there is a strip of pink in the centre. It is therefore impossible for a recessive red dog to have any black (or liver, blue or isabella) in its coat. Border collie puppy with black mask, tan points, and white markings. It is genetically impossible for a recessive red Eh is an allele recently discovered in English Cocker Spaniels. Dog carries two copies of the dominant E allele. It is possible that the recessive red gene affects liver eumelanin to a greater extent than black eumelanin. This isn't present in all domino dogs, but can be a useful indicator for some. to show a few black hairs on its ear, in which case both are sables, but the middle dog has no visible black hairs at all and is potentially a recessive red. online form This Shiba Inu displays urajiro (see C & I locus page), which dilutes phaeomelanin to white, on the point areas only. dogs for blues, but when compared to a true blue (see Dilution/D-locus page), the difference should become clearer. This Shiba Inu displays urajiro (see C & I locus page), which dilutes phaeomelanin to white, on the point areas only. Argos and Riddick the Leonbergers have both mask-related shading (on their chests and legs) and sable-related shading (on their backs). The other two main E locus alleles in most breeds are E (normal extension) and e (recessive red). See the merle pages for Leonbergers, which were bred from St Bernards, display extreme masking, so it's very likely that it's present in St Bernards too. The melanistic mask is caused by the M264V allele (known as EM) at the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) locus, also known as the extension locus. A dog that is homozygous for recessive red, so has the genotype ee, will be completely red. Note how there is very little nose pigment - it is almost entirely pink. The recessive red gene overrides the dominant black, turning it to red. Brindle is dealt with below, and dominant black dogs can also display domino. There are six known alleles on the E (Extension) locus - Em (eumelanin mask), E (normal extension), EA (Northern domino), Eg (sighthound domino/grizzle), Eh (Cocker sable), and e (recessive red). It's therefore very difficult to tell which these three dogs actually are! If a dog is brindle or non-black on the K locus, they can express the A locus, so will be sable, agouti, saddled, tan-pointed other E locus allele it carries. Recessive Red (2007). Two copies of the recessive allele are present. The dog on the left shows black (but faded) pigment, and the dog on the right is a liver (note the bright pink again). Further Info and Links The first dog has a little black on its tail and the third dog does appear A true domino will be either homozygous for Eg/A, or will have one copy of Eg/A and one copy of e (recessive red). Sable Leonberger with a typical black mask. ** Please note that I am not a research scientist, and the information on this page comes from my own knowledge and observation of dogs, observational and testing data provided via e-mail by site visitors, any research papers linked on the page, and the information provided by Dr Sheila M. Schmutz on her excellent website http://homepage.usask.ca/~schmutz/dogcolors.html There is a possible connection between extreme masking and "etching", which is when a sable piebald appears to have eumelanin edges to its patches, or when an irish spotted dog has eumelanin "borders" between its white feet/legs and main body colour. Cockers with this allele are known as "sables", although again this is not the usual Ay sable found in most breeds. Copyright 2017-2022 The Pet Genetics Lab. 0161 282 3066. , There is one important way in which Eh (Cocker sable) differs from Eg and EA (grizzle and domino). A dog that is homozygous for recessive red, so has the genotype ee, will be completely red. Animal Genetics. German Shepherd It may be that the grizzle pattern is caused because the ability to produce eumelanin is reduced towards the outer "points" of the dog (muzzle, chest, legs etc) due to a fault in the allele. In order to display a mask, a dog cannot be dominant black (KBKB, These handsome dogs are owned by Cheryl Heinly and bred by Kathryn Wilson of The Leos Den. KBKbr, KBky) on the K locus, because dominant black stops the A series from being expressed, and obviously, a black mask on a black dog *- E (normal extension) has no effect on the phenotype. On the E-locus, domino is recessive to E and Em, which means a domino dog can never have a mask (an EmEg dog would have a mask but not be domino). The second husky has a fairly minor expression of domino, more typical of an agouti. E helps to determine which areas of the coat can (and do) produce eumelanin (black/blue/liver/isabella) and which can (and do) produce phaeomelanin (red). If your dog has two copies of the recessive allele (e/e) then they will have a yellow coat. To put it simply, it has no effect on the dog. e - recessive red On a piebald or irish spotted dog, this will be the edges of the coloured areas. The effect of brindle on grizzle is fascinating, as it seems to produce the opposite effect to brindle on sable or tan points. red - it can mask so much. Dogs with an Em/Em genotype will have a melanistic mask and will only produce puppies with masks. The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever comes in both black and liver pigment. The first dog may be a sable domino, as there is very little shading present. As with Eg/EA, a dog would need to have two copies of Eh to display "sable" markings, or one Eh and one e (recessive red). 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